Is Socrates Guilty as Charged free essay sample

The new accusers, Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon have accused Socrates of corrupting the youth of Athens. This was a sad attempt by the government to avoid conflict. The government was scared that the youth would realize that we are not virtuous. The government is not virtuous, but they try to keep it quiet instead of looking for a new way to find the answers, as Socrates did. Socrates was trying to figure out what virtue is and instill it in the youth. Meno informed us of that. Meno had a conversation with Socrates about the definition of virtue. Socrates said that he never met anyone who could define virtue, but was challenging Meno to come up with the definition. He also challenged Meno to leave his Sophist’s teacher’s views out of it. He wanted to hear Meno’s own words. Socrates wasn’t going to give up, in the pursuit of, the true explanation of virtue. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Socrates Guilty as Charged? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Meno had several definitions of virtue that were close to being right but were a little bit off. These answers didn’t cut it for Socrates, and nothing but the truth would satisfy him. Socrates was on a mission to find the truth, but the government was afraid of the truth. Socrates asked questions, which people didn’t like. It makes them nervous, especially when they have something to hide. Obviously, Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon have something to hide. They know that the youth of Athens are very persuadable, and Socrates is teaching youth to think for themselves. They are afraid of the new generation of thinking for themselves and starting a revolution against the government. I think a revolution was exactly what the government needed. The men had politics in their blood and sometimes it blinded them. They said Socrates is the only one corrupting the youth of Athens. This can’t be true. Many of the youth were corrupted and not only one person could affect them all. There is no way Socrates’ teaching corrupted every dishonest youth in Athens. There are many other corrupting influences. Socrates said that if he did corrupt the youth he did unintentionally. If this was true, which I believe was, he would not need to be brought into court for a conviction and sentence. He would have only needed to be made aware of what he was doing wrong by the government. Socrates is looking out for the youth. He was helping them by educating them. The accusers weren’t doing anything to help the youth. Euthyphro was convicting his own father of murder. What kind of world was it that they were living in? Socrates is trying to better the world through education. He did this in the use of his Socratic method in which he would challenge his students question after question. The purpose was to expose contradictions in the student’s thoughts and ideas to then guide them to arrive at a solid, acceptable conclusion. The Sophists were educating as well, but not like Socrates. The Sophists were only teaching to give bold and grand answers. They do not teach to ask questions or to dig deeper. They were telling the youth to distract people with their big words and long, drawn out responses. This was the art of politics. Socrates’ way of educating the youth was magnificent. He taught them to use simple definitions and give precise answers that any citizen could understand. Once again, he strives for truth, which could never result in corruption. If Socrates had corrupted a young man, or numerous young men, and they grew up to realize they had been corrupted by Socrates, they would have come forward to the courts by now to accuse him themselves. Even if they couldn’t find the courage to do it themselves, their fathers, brothers, or other relations would have come forward. The lack of convictions that had been brought up by Socrates’ students and former students proves that what he was teaching them wasn’t corrupt. Socrates was a wise man. He had witnesses to prove it. The Oracle at Delphi said that Socrates is the wisest man in all of Athens. Most men would hear this statement and run with it, but Socrates is a humble man. He didn’t believe this information at first and even stated, â€Å"I am very conscious that I am not wise at all. He went out into Athens and questioned so-called â€Å"wise† men. He did this to prove the oracle wrong, but he ended up finding that he is the wisest of them all. This is because he didn’t believe he was wise, which is what makes him wise. Many men think they are wise which blinds them. They can’t see the truth. The fact that Socrates didn†™t believe he is wise makes him a good and humble man. Good and humble men don’t corrupt the youth or perform impious acts. When Socrates realized that people didn’t like him or his teachings, he was sorrowed and alarmed. These feelings revealed the truth in that all he was trying to accomplish was overall help Athens through education. Socrates old accusers, such as Aristophanes, are charging Socrates with studying things in the sky and beneath the earth. They don’t like that Socrates is questioning the nature of things. They think that he is invading the turf of the gods. How can the old accusers convict him for invading the turf of the gods when he said himself that he is in service of the gods? There had been multiple signs given to him to tell him to do this work such as oracles, dreams, and communication between the divine and mortals. The accusers can’t deny the evidence. Socrates believed in the gods. The old accusers are on the gods’ side and Socrates is working for the gods, so they should be praising him for doing the work of the gods they honor. He was studying things in the sky and beneath the earth because that is where gods come from. The gods obviously didn’t punish Socrates for doing his work, so how can Socrates be bad? The old accusers were trying to do the work of the gods by convicting him, but they were really ignoring the gods’ signs that he is in their service. I think that many of the accusers misinterpreted Socrates’ work. What Socrates was doing was unlike anyone else’s and the new ideas scared them. They are worried he is going to become the person in power and try to overthrow them, but they are wrong. They viewed him as a threat. Since Socrates had never been involved in public affairs or politics before, they thought he is against the government. He also intimidates them because he has power, but he wasn’t a member of the government which is unheard of at the time. Every man who has power and influence was either involved in politics, or is a friend of the government. His students and friends are so committed to him that the accusers think he might be building up a small army. Socrates is just trying to help Athens. This is all that he cared about. I will say it again, I think Socrates is a good man. He had never profited financially from his services. He didn’t charge a fee for his advice and he had so many witnesses that will admit that. He lived in poverty because he cared so much for Athens. His divine mission, given to him by the gods, was to philosophize, so that is what he did. Who is he to go against the gods? Socrates is a citizen of Athens, and he loved Athens and its gods. I think that in itself that should have been enough to save him from conviction. Socrates was a great man and seen as a great teacher. Some men within the government, namely, the old and new accusers, are threatened by him. They created these convictions in their heads in order to get rid of him, but I don’t think it was right. Socrates shouldn’t be convicted or sentenced to punishment because Socrates has done more good for Athens than anyone else. To sentence him to death was a very tragic loss.

Example Term Paper on Abortion

Example Term Paper on Abortion Abortion is knows as a disgusting but a very common term in the lives of people and youth.  Ã‚   Many students of colleges and universities also make use of this term in their educational and communal perspectives. All know about this universally acknowledged term and its influence over different societies. Students are puzzled in poles apart accreditation related with this word in different societies around the world. They face similar obstacle on their way when they need to write a research paper on abortion. Research paper on abortion is often a demand by their professors in college and university. While writing research papers on abortion, students may look around for abortion research paper help from different sources. Other than getting help from external sources, students can do an abortion research paper at their own. Abortion research papers can be finished only from side to side research and after consulting several books, websites and studying different researches conducted in this regard. For writing a research paper on abortion, students necessitate direction on different abortion research paper topics.   Abortion is forbidden strictly in all religions and is illegal in most of civilized societies. Even though it is never appreciated in any society, some groups argue to allow abortion as a legal right to individuals. This thought provokes hot debates in different countries. Students could do their work with some guidance for writing research paper on abortion. A research paper on abortion will consists on different parts like: Introduction to the concept Abortion Legality involved in abortion and its application Religious perspective of Abortion Need and requirement of abortion Societal perspective of Abortion and its impact Cultural influence for and against abortion View of Church and Mosque along with governmental perspective You can buy custom research paper on abortion from us anytime CustomWritings.com.   We have practiced writers who are trained in writing a research paper on abortion and its related issues.   We can do a research paper on abortion in the shortest time possible.   We have a huge support staff that remains online at all times when you are placing an order for research paper on abortion.   Abortion term paper help of all kinds is provided at CustomWritings.com, and you can post an order for any kind of research paper on abortion you want. A large percentage of customers at CustomWritings.com are students.   We promise our student patrons full marks or the best possible grades in their academic research paper on abortion. We provide full refund if it is found that our research paper writers did not fulfill the customer’s requirements. We have a number of customers who have always bought their research on abortion done through us, and still they buy from us. CustomWritings.com has always been a favorite among students and teachers alike.   We have thousands of customers who have their custom research paper on abortion  prepared by us.   We have never been blamed for providing clichà ©d material to our clientele, and that is why CustomWritings.com is one of the most favorite online companies to write on abortion writing scenario.

Phoneme vs Minimum Pair in English Phonetics

Phoneme vs Minimum Pair in English Phonetics In phonology and  phonetics, the term minimal pair refers to two words that differ in only one sound,  such as hit and hid. Minimal pairs serve as tools to establish that two (or more) sounds are contrastive. A difference in sound means a difference in meaning, notes  Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer, and thus a minimal pair is the clearest and easiest way to identify phonemes in a language (The Anthropology of Language, 2013). Examples and Observations A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ in a single phoneme. Minimal pairs are often used to show that two sounds contrast in a language. For example, we can demonstrate that [s] and [z] contrast in English by adducing minimal pairs such as sip and zip, or bus and buzz. Since the only difference in these words is the [s] vs. [z], we conclude that they belong to distinct phonemes. However, a similar test would show that [a:j] and [Aj] are distinct phonemes in English, since writer and rider appear to be minimal pairs distinguished in their second elements, not their fourth.We looked!Then we saw him step in onthe mat!We looked!And we saw him!The Cat in the Hat!Cheers and Jeers is an activity that provides an opportunity to use music and humor to relax and release tension.Lit Up/Let DownThe learner has to identify medial or final plosives in isolated words and in sentences where either member of a minimal pair would fit in naturally. For example: Do you repair clocks/clogs? Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. Its not.The US Coast Guard had 125-foot cutters and eight 765-foot long patrol boats. By the late 1920s, forty-five vessels operated out of this local base with some parking at the pier, as can be seen in a postcard.The role of the sympathetic nervous system is to prepare the body for emergencies, commonly known as  fright, flight and  fight  reactions. Word Position and Context [T]he only way we can create a minimal pair with reference to the two sounds involved is to put them in exactly the same environment in terms of word position and the surrounding context, To clarify further,  the pair: jail–Yale shows the contrast between  /dÊ’/ and /j/ in initial position, budge–buzz focuses on the contrast between /dÊ’/ and /z/ in final position, while witch–wish contrasts  /t∠«/ and /ÊÆ'/ in final position. It should be noted that minimal pairs include forms that have different spellings, as evidenced in  jail–Yale. Near Minimal Pairs [S]ometimes it is not possible to find perfect minimal pairs differentiated by only a single sound for every phoneme. Sometimes it is necessary to settle for near minimal pairs ...  [P]leasure and leather qualify as a near minimal pair, since the sounds immediately adjacent to the target sounds, [à °] and [Ê’], are the same in both words: [É›] before the target sound and [É ¹] after it. Like minimal pairs, near  minimal pairs are usually sufficient to demonstrate that two sounds are separate phonemes in a language. Sources: Matthew Gordon, Phonology: Organization of Speech Sounds.  How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, ed. by  Carol Genetti. Cambridge University Press, 2014James Alasdair McGilvray, The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky. Cambridge University Press, 2005Dr. Seuss, The Cat in  the Hat, 1957Edie L. Holcomb, Getting Excited About Data. Corwin Press, 2004Album by the band Vains of Jenna, 2006Inge Livbjerg and Inger M. Mees, Segmental Errors in the Pronunciation of Danish Speakers of English, 1995Dr. Seuss, The Lorax, 1972A. Wynelle Deese, St. Petersburg, Florida. The History Press, 2006Neil Moonie, Advanced Health and Social Care, 3rd ed. Heinemann, 2000Mehmet Yavas, Applied English Phonology, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011

In patients with central venous catheter, does the subclavian vein Research Paper

In patients with central venous catheter, does the subclavian vein site is better as comparing with jugular or femoral sites in reducing catheter related blood stream infection - Research Paper Example Hand sanitation, as per research and studies, confirms a decrease of pathogenic agents that propagates nosocomial infections and complications in patients who are confined in hospitals (Elridge et al 2006). The fundamental conclusion that arises from relevant hospital acquired infection researches as issued by the CDC were: â€Å"1) the hands of health care workers are regularly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms; and â€Å"2) the hands of health care workers are a major route of transmission of pathogens throughout the hospital environment and from the body of one patient to another (Elridge et al 2006).† Thus, it is recommended by the 2002 CDC Guideline that alcohol-based hand rubs or ABHRs are more effective to use in dispensing pathogenic microbes; and are quicker to use than the traditional soap and water without the usual side effect of having dermatitis (Elridge et al 2006). The understanding of the health care staff workers especially in critical units of the hospital like the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), with regards to the essence of hand hygiene practice is significant as this is the best or one of the best ways to manage and avert contaminations which are normally present and related to health care (Cohen et al 2003). It must be clearly understood that newborns within the said unit can contract high degree of infections due to their very delicate immune system, which are not yet highly developed (Cohen et al 2003). The common transmission for the infection occurs after hand contact is established with â€Å"environmental surfaces and patient equipment† or the removal of gloves that generally happens prior to the performance of invasive procedures (Cohen et al 2003). In relation to the above circumstance, a guideline has been given out by the CDC on how proper hand washing should be done prior to any hands-on contact with patients that are critically ill or otherwise. But while the CDC Hand Hygiene Guideline has

Writing about cultural practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing about cultural practices - Essay Example Among friends or acquaintances, before parting, they sometimes shake hands as gesture of saying good-bye. For people who have had some misunderstanding, a handshake would mean that everything is ok with them already and that the conflict has been resolved (Kissell , par 6). This social norm of shaking hands has persisted because it is an international norm which is accepted by all races. The handshake has been a mutual sign of goodwill and peace (Haymond , par 1). It is a socially acceptable way of greeting other people in public rather than kissing or hugging. The handshake was believed to have originated as a way of showing that one’s right hand was not carrying any weapon; thus, if two men met and they both show their empty right hands, that means that there exists a level of trust between them (Kissell , par 3). Kissell goes on further to state that the shaking of the hands was supposed to remove any hidden weapon that may be kept in the sleeves. In today’s modern world, the handshake is very difficult to avoid. Some even consider it an insult if the handshake is not accepted (Kissell , par 2). For example, if a person is trying to make amends with another person and he offers his hand and the other person refuses to shake his hand, this would convey the message that one is not accepting the other person’s apology. The norm of shaking hands should be abolished because the world today is exposed to numerous sources of infection and the handshake is one of the most common ways of spreading infection. The handshake makes every person susceptible to be infected (Potty , par 4). Viruses such as AH1N1, Swine flu or Avian flu can easily be transmitted through a hand shake. Although frequent hand washing is always advised, one cannot avoid touching door knobs, grocery carts, elevator buttons, escalator railings, train handrails or money. It has also been a common practice to cover one’s mouth with

Is Privacy in the 21st Century Possible Essay Example for Free

Is Privacy in the 21st Century Possible Essay Privacy in the 21st century will affect every human beings life as we know it in the future. Is privacy in the 21st century possible? No. Whether we are talking about issues like video surveillance detecting our every move or computer hackers stealing identities, privacy is dead as we know it. The only way to bring more privacy back is if we all come together and demand the privacy we deserve. Making correct decisions at home, work, and church, about who we vote for and the groups of people we support, will greatly impact our world around us and the freedoms we strive to keep for our children and generations to come. Three areas of concern for many people are having a government with too much information and too much control, having less and less privacy as the years go by, and how some religions are responding to certain privacy issues that some say are talked about in the bible. These three topics or issues are some of the most controversial areas of concern and is also growing at an exponential rate. When studying the fourth amendment and what our forefathers were trying to preserve and protect, we realize that we have been given the right to be free of unreasonable searches and seizures, and that is why we need to make sound educated decisions when trying to correct the negative problems in our world. Rights and freedoms do not need to be sacrificed. Having many wonderful rights and freedoms is one of the main reasons this country has become such an inventive and successful country, like the world has never seen before. As we venture into the 21st century, our freedoms and the way we are supposed to live and act, has changed dramatically. It seems that every time we turn around we have less privacy and government has more control. When it comes to our rights and freedoms, the governments ability to make us feel safer and more secure has made us except policies and procedures that normally would not even been thought about in the past. Not all the spy technology that humans create is going to cause harm though. Biometrics is a technology that applies a persons unique physical traits to a sophisticated electronic device or system to confirm identity. This kind of technology has its upsides and downsides. Facial recognition is one aspect or system of biometrics. Facial recognition biometric systems are everywhere today. We can find them in many places throughout large cities. Places like transit vehicles, city streets, casinos, banks, hospitals, and many other common places people are found have facial recognition technology. The upside to having this type of technology is that it would be a good crime deterrent. Crime is probably the number one reason having this type of technology would be a huge benefit. Law enforcement departments would be able to sometimes prevent crimes before they happen and definitely have concrete evidence if the crime is not stopped beforehand. Recently, after the Boston Marathon bomb exploded, the different law enforcement agencies used the cities video surveillance technologies to track down and find the criminals. Finding the bombers before they were able to do more damage would probably not have been possible without video surveillance. The downside to this technology is the assumption that people are secretly being videotaped. According to a study by the New York Civil Liberties Union, people in Manhattan are being secretly videotaped on public streets, outside buildings, and even in their backyard, by hidden surveillance cameras. Most hidden surveillance cameras are secured to rooftops, lampposts, and building entrances, but almost four hundred rotating cameras are hidden in light bulbs that look like street lights stated Dority (2001). People that are constantly in fear of crime will sometimes sacrifice freedoms to insure their family safety and security of the world around them. This could be the reason why so many are flocking to the idea of having security with video surveillance and other surveillance technologies without thinking about the consequences of what freedoms and rights might be given up. Video surveillance and other surveillance technologies are everywhere. We can find them at A. T. M.  machines, convenience stores, parking garages, corporate offices, hotels, storage facilities, amusement parks, supermarkets, and do not forget about all the webcams all over the world, stated Soat (2005). The political and commercial applications of invasive surveillance technologies, together with gathering large quantities of data made possible by the Internet and high-speed computers, have brought frightening scenarios uncomfortably close to the realm of possibility, according to Jasper (2003). When government  knows everything we say and do, including passport information, drivers license information, etc, then what is to stop nefarious people from trying to carry out their own agendas? The right and the left wing people in this country will sometimes do anything to accomplish their goals, including attempting to use any type of technology at their disposal. These types of technology could be used on people that are behind on their taxes, having traffic violations, or people who just own gold and silver. In the past gold has been rounded up and confiscated said Jasper (2003). Tyrannical governments have been around since the beginning of time. Why would we not at least have some officials in our own government that have tyrannical tendencies and will do everything in their power to capitalize on new invasive technologies that will further their cause or propose? Talking to many people and researching the ways and means of some tyrannical governments in this world, one could only imagine what certain human beings will do for more money and power. The more privacy we give up empowers some government officials to use the system no matter how invasive on we the people to acquire their own agenda. Our forefathers fought very hard to protect the rights and freedoms that we are losing more and more of everyday. When too much money, power, and control is given to so few individuals, it seems they become corrupt. The old saying Absolute power corrupts absolutely. The bigger that our government becomes our freedoms disappear and we are told how to live by someone else. There have always been, and there always will be people that have evil tendencies and motives. If they are able to create this type of power, they will use it for selfish and evil deeds. Clark (2009) stated when large corporations and governments get together they become an entity that believes their way is the only way. When we look at the history of privacy and the human race, it has only been in the last forty to sixty years that we have had to really protect our privacy rights as governments work with large corporations to gain more control over us. Even before the digital revolution, the ability of individuals to maintain control over the improper discovery, dissemination, or misuse of their identity was threatened by the potential for governments to wiretap telephone lines or impose overly broad restrictions or burdens on speech for businesses to misuse customer data and for thieves to steal personal information said Jasper (2003). Privacy today is definitely a more pressing issue than ever before. If we as people ever needed to think about and make the correct decisions, now is the time. If there was ever a time in the history of the world to protect ourselves from the hand of Big Brother, and all of the devious ways it is coming up with to grow bigger and control everything it can touch, now is the time. One issue that stands out when it comes to privacy is religious beliefs. Religious Beliefs and Privacy when it comes to implanting human computer chips has very much intensified in recent decades. Not only has putting computer chips into animals been a hot topic, computer chipping everything from humans to the products we buy is also an issue many are concerned about. According to Katherine Albrecht (2005), when it comes to implanting computer chips into humans, some very powerful people are pushing for this very technology. This issue is gaining momentum in the religious communities because of its resemblance to the Mark of the Beast in the bible. Ever since the introduction of the implantable computer chip, the issue has been gaining momentum in religious circles because many are worried about going to money less economic systems that can only be accessed by a implantable computer chip. There is quite a bit of evil that is involved with this topic in the bible. Bamford (2002) stated that when there is such a large religious base, and one looks at how passionate people can become over different issues, it is easy to see that these kinds of decisions need to be well thought out to prevent riots and wars. Just about every person in America has some kind of data file on them by one or more of the big private companies, let alone the databases compiled by the Government. When we lose privacy we are told it is for our own good, or our own protection, or to make our lives better. But is it worth it? With companies like Google reading all the contents that travel through their computers then, handing all of the information over to the government, what are we supposed to do? Technology is like a gun. A gun is neither good nor evil. It is who is using the technology, or gun, and what their intentions are for using it. If people do not stand up for their rights, big government will take more and more freedoms and rights away. Since the beginning of time governments have become large and then they destroy the country from within before anyone realizes what has happened. Technology is clashing with privacy. We need to figure out how to have the benefits of technology while keeping the privacy we need and deserve. There needs to be a happy medium. Could you imagine the freedoms we would lose if we had to obey a one world government? Most other leaders from other countries do not believe the average person deserves the rights and privacy that we as Americans have. Our forefathers understood that if you give the government unchecked powers, you were inviting abuse of power and tyranny. Whether we are talking about the decisions we make today affecting or our world in the future, when it comes to privacy issues, it is safe to say that looking out for our own privacy is just going to be normal. Life as we know it can change in a heartbeat if we as human beings cannot make the right decisions to impact our world in a positive way.

The Old Man And The Sea :: essays research papers

Relationship, External Nature and Dignity in The Old Man and The SeaMan has always suffered his most to achieve his goal. However if one doesn't experience the danger; will not be prepared to handle his problems. Experience is a part of life which gives man his true identity. Does this identity comes from one's luck or struggle? Relationships on the other hand interpret strength and dignity. Ernest Hemingway has shown this through Manolin's behavior. He is a young boy who follows Santiago and listen to his wisdom. If this dignity is eliminated will it effect there relationship? Santiago's fight with nature symbolizes the troubles of existence. Does this mean that the outer existence is nothing but a perilous world? Relationship, External nature and Dignity are the major themes in The Old Man and the SeaA very important relationship in the novella The Old Man and the Sea is that between Manolin and Santiago. Manolin supports Santiago and helped him to confront his greatest challenge. Manolin proves this when he says, "I would like go fishing with you. I would like to serve you in some way" (p. 15). Manolin is the first person who appreciates Santiago's experience and skills. He wants to be like Santiago and be a skillful fisherman (p.24). Manolin's concern for Santiago is very significant to their relationship. It keeps the united even after a huge difference in their age. When Santiago returns after loosing his spectacular catch, it's Manolin who cries at the sight of the wounds "he saw the old man's hand and started to cry" (p. 122), and vows that he will never allow the old man to fish alone again. Therefore' Manolin has proven his relationship to Santiago through his moral respect. The danger confronting Santiago in the external nature represents the troubles of existence. Heminway's, The Old Man and the Sea represents many meanings to the out side existence. The marlin for example represents struggle, trouble and the last challenge Santiago went through. Santiago's struggle as a fisherman with marlin also symbolizes durability by putting up such a struggle. Accomplishing or obtaining something doesn't always end one's journey. Once Santiago hooked the fish (marlin) he still has further complications (p.57). First, the fish might dive to the bottom and break the line; second, it might die, and sink (p.72). The sharks bring him more trouble afterwards. The cost him to loose his stuff, "He took my harpoon and my rope (p.

Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Essay

I found the novel Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man very difficult to read at first, and could make very little sense of it. After doing some background research I have some to understand some of the motives of Joyce, from which it seems that the difficulty was not due to any shortcoming on my part, because I know that that even the most sympathetic critics have faced the same difficulties. Joyce does not intend to offer a conventional narrative. Indeed his motive is to deconstruct convention. The protagonist of the novel is described as relinquishing all forms of convention, in his effort to forge for himself a new existence in the capacity of a true artist. But Joyce does not want to offer this theme in the conventional mode either. Not only the substance, but the means and the language must also be suffused by the same theme. In its effort not to depend on any cultural norms, it employs the method of â€Å"stream of consciousness†. This is the technique where raw consciousness of thought is seen as the basis for truth, and it is meant that these thought patterns be transposed directly onto the page. It is not to effect realism, as might be thought at first hand. Realism is art is a very conscious and calculating mode. The underlying philosophy is better described as existentialism. It recalls the existential philosopher Jean Paul Sartre’s epithet â€Å"existence precedes essence† (22). The existentialists aim to understand pure existence, which is yet without essence, or form. It describes exactly the passages in the Portrait which employ the stream of consciousness method. From this point of view I found that a second reading was much easier, only because I was more aware of the motivations of the writer. Another mode which comes to mind is modernism. T. S. Eliot is said to be the instigator of modernism with his 1922 poem â€Å"The Wasteland†. This poem presents us with fragments from the literary cultural tradition of the West, but in a haphazard way, without any seeming coherence, as proclaimed in the poem itself, â€Å"These fragments I have shored against my ruins† (Eliot 69). Eliot himself admitted that he wrote the poem as a reaction to catastrophe of the Great War, and tried to convey its impact on the Western psyche in general. He believed that conventional art forms had become meaningless in â€Å"the immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history† (qtd. in Sigg 182). The modernist genre that sprung from this poem can be said to be characterized by futility, and the search for transcendental meaning. Despite various points of similarity is it wrong classify Joyce as a modernist. Not only does the Portrait appears well before the publication of â€Å"The Wasteland†, it is also composed well before the onset of the Great War, and therefore cannot have been motivated in exactly the same way. Neither is it fragmentary and incoherent in the way Eliot’s poem is. It is framed by autobiography, and therefore possesses overall coherence. Eliot’s is a despairing cry of futility. The protagonist of Joyce also comes across the futility of all conventional norms, but in the end the novel is not characterized merely by despair. The protagonist discovering himself as an artist represents hope in the end. The novel describes the several stages by which it protagonist Stephen Dedalus discovers himself as an artist. In the process he takes refuge in the conventional identities provided by society in the various stages of his growing up. But Stephen is meant for greatness, and the conventional identities are only refuges for mediocrity, and this is what he discovers time and time again. The transiton from one stage to the next is marked by epiphanies – sudden bouts of realization that transform the inner self. Apart from the many minor epiphanies that accompany the growing young man, there are two major such occasions. The first is his discovery of conventional faith. The second occurs when he comes to realize that the Church is a restricting influence, and that he must escape if he is to express himself as an artist. It occurs when he must make a choice between training to be a Catholic priest, or to enter the secular domain of university. He opts for the second choice. It is a major decision, but does not yet entail that he is free to become an artist. University opens up to him a diverse array of ideologies. Stephen comes to realize that none of the ideas that academia has to offer are able to address his inner longing towards creativity. His goal, as he expresses at the very end of the novel, is to â€Å"to forge in the smithy of [his] soul the uncreated conscience of [his] race† (276). His final realization is that the conventional mode of Irish existence is lacking in conscience. And as an artist he has understood his role as to make up for this fundamental lack. It is a role of heroic proportions, and which only the artist is able to undertake. So the creativity which Stephen intends in not mere self-expression, it is towards creating a conscience for his race. There are many occasions while he is growing up in Dublin when he comes to realize that there is something fundamentally lacking in what society has to offer him. In school it appears as if the appreciation of his peers is the highest goal, and he is in awe of the bullies of the classroom who command attention. On one occasion he is dealt with a caning from a teacher which he didn’t really deserve. He classmates challenge him to take action, and to report the teacher to the headmaster. Up to this point he seems unable to stand up for himself, yet he takes on the challenge of his peers to go up to the headmaster’s room all alone, and puts his case forthrightly. To his peers he is instant heroes, and they hoist him up in the air together. The striking aspect of this incident is that the glory does not register with Stephen. Even while he is being hoisted, he wants to escape their grip, and when the cheers have died down he feels himself to be an outsider just as before. On the occasion when he is first allowed to attend Christmas dinner with the adults, he observes a vicious argument taking place with politics and religion mixed in. It centers on the Catholic Church’s demonizing of Charles Stuart Parnell, who had led the movement Irish independence from the British. Parnell’s fortunes reversed when it was found out that he was involved in an affair with a married women, which was considered sacrilege in the strictly Catholic society that Ireland was. In the argument Stephen’s aunt is on the side of religious authority, while Stephens’s father and the outsider Mr. Casey argue for politics. However little Stephen understands of this argument, if gives him a foretaste of corruption in high places. But more than this he comes to realize shallowness and brittleness of family life that can be unsettled by cheap religious and political talk. It marks the beginning of Stephen’s moving away from family and tradition. He comes to realize later on that his father is totally unconnected to modern life, and merely engages in nostalgia, drunkenness and superficiality. Stephen renouncing of his family is the first step towards the rejection of convention as a whole. As be becomes more alienated from his family he starts to visit prostitutes, and in general gives himself up to a life of secret sin, even though he is wracked by guilt inside. Another moment of epiphany takes place when he is overcome by a sermon delivered by the college rector. In the meantime he had become strangely drawn towards the Virgin Mary, and when the rector delivers fiery and graphic accounts of hellfire and damnation, Stephen is genuinely terrified from the depth of his soul. None of the other college students are effected at all, and here his outsider status impinges on him once more. The upshot is that he surrenders himself to the austere religious existence, so much so that when the time comes for him to leave college he is nominated for a scholarship for priesthood. By this time Stephen has come to realize that conventional religion does not answer his quest for inner harmony, and so he decides to turn down the offer, and to enter university instead. Shortly after he experiences another moment of epiphany on the beach, when he observes a young lady wading in the water, and he is overcome by a sense of natural beauty. He realized that his true quest is for aesthetic beauty, and that he must carry it on â€Å"among the snares of the world† (Joyce 175). He has not yet realized himself as an artist, and at university he is accosted by the secular ideologies that go up to make convention. In his discussion with his friends he tries to emphasize the importance of leaving all forms of convention behind, but they are far too immersed in the established mode to take his point. He is close to Cranly, to whose sympathetic ear he divulges his artistic longings. Cranly warns him that he is destined for loneliness, but this does not deter Stephen. In this phase he gradually becomes aware that his true identity is contained in his latter name ‘Dedalus’, and not his first ‘Stephen’ (linked to the first Christian martyr). Dedalus is the mythical ‘great artificer’ who uses his art to escape from confinement by King Minos. The myth says that he learnt to fly, and he allowed his son Icarus to fly first, who became too venturesome and flew close to the sun, which it melted his waxed wings and he fell to his death. Joyce is comparing the previous existence of Stephen to Icarus, and his tenure with religiosity is compared to Icarus’ foolhardy ascent. The person who has survived is now compared to Dedalus. He sees in the name a â€Å"symbol of the artist forging anew in his workshop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring impalpable imperishable being† (Joyce 163). There are two striking points that emerge from this novel. First there is the innovative use of language regarding the â€Å"stream of consciousness† technique. Writers who followed in the footsteps of Joyce enthused in this new technique, which reflected so well the fragmentary character of modern existence, and its emphasis on existence above outmoded forms. Virginia Woolf says, â€Å"Let us record the atoms as they fall upon the mind in the order in which they fall, let us trace the pattern, however disconnected and incoherent in appearance, which each sight or incident scores upon the consciousness† (qtd. in Zwerdling 14). Other critics stress the symbolism, which occurs at many levels and suffused throughout the novel. Apart from the Dedalus connection, Tindall discovers identification with Christ on the one hand, and with Lucifer on the other (Stephen is made to utter Lucifer’s words â€Å"I will not serve†) (10). But such analyses must not allow us to lose sight of the original theme, which is that of nonconformity to convention. In fact, Joyce message chimes with that of Ralph Waldo Emerson: â€Å"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist† (21). Emerson was voicing the ethos of the modern age, whereas Joyce is presenting it as the sublimation of artistic endeavor. In conclusion, though difficult to read, Joyce’s Portrait is a novel worth making the effort for. Through his novel literary techniques he is trying to redefine literature so that it becomes relevant to the modern age characterized by fragmentation and alienation. Apart from the strained techniques, the novel is also worthy for its rich symbolism, which exists on many planes, and for the significant allusions to literature and culture. It is not only an autobiographical and ‘coming of age’ novel, but it also makes a noble attempt to diagnose and correct the fundamental malaise of the modern age.

The rule of nutrition in bone health

Bone has chief regulation of the organic structure portion. All mass are carried with aid of bone otherwise mass is merely like a fabric. You can give illustration fabric has non prize without put fabric on organic structure. Just merely bone is supplying aid for traveling, walking, dancing and other of import function in life. Your bone is healthy or weak depends on your life manner and diet. If you are taking regular exercising and it is besides provide good energy diet. Bone is growing merely 10-18 twelvemonth old ages period. In that ages immature are along energy and good diet every bit good as supply a strong bone. In Egypt clip 2000 BC dry grapes raisin was used as intervention. Old clip from wall paintings shows that raisin was obsessional and Mediterranean and Europe used as ornament that epoch. In ancient clip raisin was extremely awards who demand worship topographic points with them and used them currency converted better alteration and as awards for athleticss events. In 1900 century modern universe California as popular san jacqium vale is produced commercial degree raisin. Raisin is a extremely good energy consumed and provides a good wellness for bone. Homeostasis is the care of a normal internal environment within organic structure. This stableness is of import for normal operation of cell tissue, organ, protein and many other substances have to be maintained at concentration including electrolytes, H2O, Na, Ca, P and Mg. Normally psychological and biochemical mechanism to modulate and command and command concentration to hemeostatic control involve negative feedback mechanism. Homeostasis upset can happen usually as failure consequence to command mechanism. Nutrition has chief function and lack for bone wellness. Your weight is checked through BMI under weight and bone is a controversial function for bone wellness. If your weight is reduced it means your nutrition diet did non provide adequate energy for bone wellness. Mass extremum bone is referred genetically for bone denseness bone. In age 20 every adult females have a batch of opportunity to develop osteoporosis disease. Bone is weak and a batch of lack due to non good care f oods. Good foods are supplying good wellness of bone. Homoeostasis ‘ is merely explicating for care nutrient and bone. Foods are indispensable factors for bone wellness otherwise castanetss are traveling to weak twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and develop to opportunity osteoporosis. Lifestyle and exercising is besides of import function for bone wellness. Bone is healthy depends on the age. In childhood is develop to strong bone in whole life. Healthy and exercising to supplying a strong and healthy bone. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Important dietary for bone wellness: Protein and Ca is of import drama function in bone mass gaining. During under nutrition, deficient Calories including vitamin and protein can different in brace bone development. Growth factor IGF-1 is activated action when low protein intake can be determined for skeleton musculus by formation of bone mass. Bone mineral component is soaking up in bowel to excite for factor. Phosphorus and Ca via an addition in the deliberate nephritic production hormonal signifier vitamin D. although pubertal mutant and growing factor to in pair production of IGF-1 due to intake low protein is caused to cut down for bone development. That ‘s why we find a positive association between bone mass to derive in kids and protein intake during dietetic consumption. We have a given adequate illustration from research on bone development in striplings and kids so that recommendation for bone growing and striplings in kids. Calcium soaking up is taken in balance diet with high degree of Na and protein t o increase degree Ca elimination through kidney low Ca consumption are avoided to inordinate sum of these substances. Calcium consumption can be demo the manner unequal lactose intolerance. Those who are intolerant lactose have adequate sum of lactose enzyme. Dietary dairy merchandise is breakdown and to acquire lactose or you can take lactose as pills. Some diary company to provide a milk merchandise have been treated with lactose. We have ever problem to acquire adequate consumption Ca addendums. We can acquire calcium obtain to depend how much you can dietary beginnings nutrient to provide different compounds Ca for illustration Ca citrate and Ca carbonate. The organic structure wants within Ca soaking up to acquiring adequate vitamin D of the Clairol Ca. Calcium soaking up from dietetic is to turn deficient soaking up. The chief job is calcium consumption to hive away in the skeleton musculus to consequence for new bone formation and bone wellness. Deficiency Ca, P and vitamin Calciferol: Calcium is required for bone and teeth construction, the release of neurotransmitter and initiated of musculus contraction as a cofactor for curdling factor, some enzyme activities and it is besides integral intracellular 2nd courier for a figure of endocrines. Calcium is of import for bone mass formation. The normal dietetic consumption 25 mmol Ca in one twenty-four hours is chief dietetic addendum by the soaking up of Ca from GI subdivision. Normally we released 25mmol Ca through fecal matters. Calcium is the most often dietetic mineral 25000mmol in one kg contain Ca. Bone is consist 99 per centum of Ca. About 500 mmol Ca is day-to-day transferred through ECF and bone. The ECF contain usually 25 mmol of Ca and plasma is present 9 mmol of Ca. Parathyroid endocrine is secreted by the parathyroid secretory organs is response to a autumn of concentration of plasma ionised Ca and via versa. It stimulates the release of Ca from bone. A procedure called bone response. Cytokines and prosta glandins ‘ released by tumors that have metastasized to the castanetss may take to increased Ca Restoration of Ca. In primary hyperparathyroidism occurs most normally due to a parathyroid adenoma, which is begin tumors, and merely seldom due to parathyroid postmenopausal adult females. In primary hyperparathyroidism there is inordinate PTH secernment that causes hypocalcemia and sometimes hypophostemia which increased bone turnover peculiarly of the metaphases. Familiar hypocalciuric hypocalcemia is a normal autosomal dominant status that develops from childhood. It is chronic hypocalcemia feature but it is normally symptomless with usually PTH degree and no parathyroid adenoma. The mechanism underlying this status in known but TB and sacoidosis are granulomatous disease. Phosphorous combine Ca to from hydroxyapatite, the mineral constituent of dentitions and bone and it is requirement enzymatic activity, synthesis of 2-3-byphosphoglycerate and oxidative phosphorylastion and all membrane dependability. In the mean male is incorporating 20000 mmol with 17000 discoveries in bone and 3000 in soft tissue mostly attached with protein and lipid. Hyperphosphatemia may do metastatic calcification for illustration Ca P deposition in soft tissue as the extra Ca precipitates and cause hypocalcemia and colossus in accomplished patient. Nephritic failure is chief cause of hyperphosphatemia where GFR and phosphate diminution. There is different type of biochemical trials to utile when look intoing hyperphosphatemia. These include formative the phosphate and Ca concentration and serum keratinize and the concentration of phosphate piss. The undermentioned technique has proved utile probe obscure cause of hyperphosphatemia. A deficiency of vitamin D impairs mineralization of matrix bone doing rachitiss in kids and osteomacia in grownup. Ricketss result in malformations of the legs that bow due to organic structure tallness, weight, skull, ribs and pelvic girdle. During 1950 rachitiss was first clip discovered in UK by munition of infant nutrients with vitamin D. unluckily some susceptible kids suffer vitamin D toxicity and developed hypocalcemia. As an result the sum of vitamin D added to nutrient was reduced and rackets reappeared. Overt rickets is now rare in UK although subclinical rachitiss affect about 10 per centum of immature kids. Osteomalacia cause strivings in bone particularly of the legs and pelvic girdle and there is an increased susceptibleness to break of the long legs following minor injury. It is non uncommon in the uk particularly among adult females of some cultural parts because of their deficiency of exposure to sunlight during solitude and the erosion of traditional apparels. Exces s of vitamin D is once more, mostly associated with the overconsumption of vitamin addendums. Toxicity is due to overstimulation of Ca soaking up from the backbones and the inordinate Restoration from the bone which consequence in its demineralisation. The weakening of the bone and hypocalcemia promote metastatic calcification and inclination in the patient to organize kidney rock. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a disease on the patient BMD degree as uttered T in every bit adult females and work forces. There are different pin autumn to explicate for osteoporosis degree. Osteoporoses are given information for bone, strength and non explicate for bone denseness. Osteoporosis has a intervention and bar to maintenance bone wellness and nutrition has play of import function for biological procedure. Calcium and P has of import regulation to usually 90 percent mineral content in bone. Organic matrix protein is incorporated in bone collagen upon with mineral content occurs. Metabolic procedure in bone is chief function for vitamin. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/6/715 There are different phases for bone growing in adult females throughout in lives. A adult females has foremost two decennary bone are growing both breadth and length. In immature adult females is develop bone mass to travel PBM. Calcium is chief function for bone wellness and at least 300 mg per twenty-four hours. At the accomplishment of teenage old ages, bone continues to increase in denseness and thickness into immature maturity, when PBM is achieved. It has been assumed that persons with higher PBM achieved in early in-between age will be at minor hazard for merely get downing osteoporosis later in life. Ethnity: In UK 3 million people are effected osteoporosis and at least 23000 breaks every twelvemonth. In immature adult females, kids and work forces can besides consequence on menopausal castanetss are strongest and thickness in early immature age. Asiatic population demographic displacement with aging are increased osteoporosis in modern states. Osteoporosis epidemiology information and break fragile in Asian is thin and X raies are limited service in most Asiatic states. Normative informations population for bone denseness are less lactation, para, nutrition position, ethnity and business are few factor to impact bone denseness in this part and VITAMINE D lack job in all over the universe. In UK and world-wide osteoporosis are chief factors to personify loss and eating upset. Bone mass is associated with low bodyweight in immature people and hazard break and bone loss in older individual. Calcium, P and vitamin are chief alimentary to supply strong bone and thickness otherwise low weight to symbol of weak bone. Women and immature misss are at punctilious hazard of convert scraggy due to inordinate concern stay slim. In Asiatic and African community are less job for osteoporosis due to eating upset but besides have job for weak bone. In 3rd states have increased degree osteoporosis because food has a lack of chief food? 92 states as 94 societies, part around the universe are member of IOF. These society both medical society and patient are worked in the broad scope for osteoporosis. Many information patient offer, run self group and telephone are given osteoporosis patient. Bone wellness and food: Bone is reduced and less denseness weight to explicate osteoporosis disease. The castanetss can go delicate and porous, or weak skeleton and a batch of hazard of breaks. The bone loss occurs increasingly and saliently and most normally at the spinal column, carpus and hip are first break without any symptoms. Normally 5 work forces is out 50 has break due to osteoporosis and different ratio 3 adult females out of 50. Thymine is besides fact on your life manner, good wellness, and good nutrition and genetically has become cause of the breaks of the bone. Healthy bone and balance diet is besides depend on the good nutrition and good diet consist adequate Calories and normal protein, saccharide and fat every bit good as other mineral and vitamin. In adolescences kids good nutrient to assist for strong bone and it has less opportunity to impact osteoporosis chronic disease. In older and immature people, alimentary nutrient is supplying strong bone. It is besides aid for recovery break re ally rapidly. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/osteofound/filemanager/patients_and_public/images/food.jpg Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/patients-public/about-osteoporosis/prevention/nutrition.html Atkins diet was introduced in 1930 with good food and less fat nutrient. Atkins diet has received excessively much popularity and one of this most popular of those diet with saccharide and tonss of vitamin. Atkins diet with include cereals nutrient and tonss of fresh veggie and fruit. Alternatively eat generous sum of domestic fowl, meat, pick and butter. Carbohydrate is advancing insulin to assist for care for wellness. The organic structure is response to rapidly by using stored animal starch for energy and cut downing organic structure weight and besides aid for strong bone wellness. The plan for a typical Atkins diet consists of four stage ‘s debut, ongoing weight loss, premaintenance and a concluding life clip maintence phase. A good diet is besides forestalling for merely like osteoporosis disease and besides provides a strong and good wellness castanetss. Foods are dwelling of vitamin, protein, hint component and Ca nutrient. Calcium and phosphoric are besides chief part s of the bone. Bone strong and weak is depending on Ca and phosphoric concentration in bone cell. Exercise, diet, lifestyle and other factors: Exercise is chief function for bone wellness. If you are making day-to-day everyday exercising to helpful for older age. In immature age is supplying good healthy castanetss and long life castanetss. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Life manner is besides of import factors to supplying strong musculus and healthy bone. Nutrient has chief portion for life style if you are taking good nutrient. It means to state you are taking every good food for supplying strong and healthy castanetss. Less foods diet is besides create a tonss of disease for illustration weak bone racket disease, osteoporosis and lack Ca and phosphoric disease. Drinking is really bad wont to lose your wellness and every bit good as bone wellness. Healthy castanetss are supplying a good wellness. Drinking is loss immature metabolic metamorphosis to make a tonss of job in your wellness. Medicine is besides damage your bone and besides damage kidney, liver and other parts of the organic structure. Smoke is more bad consequence for your bone. Bone is loss day-to-day wellness and failing. Your bone is more failing merely like an 80 old ages old individual. Smoke is less heal to retrieve for break bone and it is besides loss your bone mineral salt. Vitamin D is chief function for bone wellness. You must take half hr sunlight energy to supply to do vitamin D. Eating upset is chief factor for bone wellness. You can non take any good food for your bone wellness because cistron is damage your harm your nutrient food. Some physicians intervention for osteoporosis is preferred merely drug intervention non other intervention. During intervention is supplying good nutrient which consists is a batch of mineral and vitamin.

An Overview of the Declaration of Pillnitz

An Overview of the Declaration of Pillnitz The Declaration of Pillnitz was a statement issued by the rulers of Austria and Prussia in 1792 to try and both support the French monarchy and forestall a European war as a result of the French Revolution. It actually had the opposite effect and goes down in history as a terrible misjudgment. The Meeting of Former Rivals In 1789, the French Revolution had seen King Louis XVI of France lose control of an Estates General and a new citizen government form in France. This didnt only anger the French king, but most of Europe, who were monarchies less than pleased about citizens organizing. As the revolution became more extreme in France, the king and queen became practical prisoners of the government, and calls to execute them grew. Concerned about both the welfare of his sister Marie Antoinette and the status of brother in law King Louis XVI of France, Emperor Leopold of Austria met with King Frederick William of Prussia at Pillnitz in Saxony. The plan was to discuss what to do about the way the French Revolution was undermining royalty and threatening family. There was a strong camp of opinion in western Europe, led by members of the French aristocracy who had fled the revolutionary government, for armed intervention aimed at restoring the full powers of the French king and the whole of the ‘old r egime’. Leopold, for his part, was a pragmatic and enlightened monarch who was attempting to balance his own problem-riven empire. He had followed events in France but was afraid intervention would threaten his sister and brother in law, not help them (he was completely right). However, when he thought they had escaped he rashly offered all his resources to aid them. By the time of Pillnitz, he knew the French royals were effectively prisoners in France. The Aims of the Declaration of Pillnitz Austria and Prussia were not natural allies given recent European history, but at Pillnitz they reached an agreement and put out a declaration. This was couched in the diplomatic language of the day, and had a double meaning: taken at face value it issued a rebuke to the revolutionary government, but in practice was meant to produce a limitation on calls for war, restrict à ©migrà © princes and support the royal party in France. While it stated that the fate of the French Royals was of â€Å"common interest† to Europe’s other leaders, and while it urged France to restore them and made threats if harm came to them, the subtext was in the section saying Europe would only take military action with the agreement of all the major powers. As everybody knew Britain would have nothing to do with such a war at that point, Austria and Prussia were, in practice, not tied to any action. It sounded tough but promised nothing of substance. It was a piece of clever wordplay. It was a total failure. The Reality of the Declaration of Pillnitz The Declaration of Pillnitz was thus designed to assist the pro-royal faction in the revolutionary government against the republicans rather than threaten a war. Unfortunately for the state of peace in Europe, the revolutionary government in France had developed a culture that did not recognize subtext: they spoke in moral absolutes, believed that oratory was a pure form of communication and that cleverly written text was disingenuous. Thus the revolutionary government, especially the republicans agitating against the king, were able to take the Declaration at face value and portray it as, not just a threat, but a call to arms. To many scared Frenchmen, and to many agitating politicians, Pillnitz was a sign of invasion and contributed to France engaging in a pre-emptive declaration of war and the mirage of a crusade to spread liberty. The French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars would follow, and both Louis and Marie would be executed by a regime made even more extreme by Pillni tz.

Catch

Heller’s novel was able to become so popular because readers use the characters as a comparison of how patriotism should be, and the attitudes of the soldiers during World War II illustrates how idealism needs to change. The attitudes of characters in Catch 22 are far from our normal perception of patriotic. For example, the main character, Yossarian fakes injuries in order to stay the in hospital, because he does not want to risk his life in battle. He complains saying things such as â€Å"I think it’s my appendix bothering me† (Heller 176) and â€Å" then I’ll just go back to the hospital† when he is soon to encounter another battle. Yossarian is so unpatriotic that he even â€Å" goes absent without official leave from Milo† (Heller 405). Many characters in Heller’s novel simply have no motivation to serve and protect their country. One soldier states, â€Å" there’s no patriotism, that’s what it is. And no matriotism, either† (Heller 123). Compared to the time period in which the novel was written, this mind set is unacceptable. Yossarian has such a negative attitude, it is even stated â€Å"morale was deteriorating and it was all Yossarian’s fault However, there are characters in the story that are used as comparison to Yossarian, and show the level of morality people would have expected during the time period in which the novel was published. Appleby is one of these soldiers, who seems to be the perfect soldier. He follows regulations without question and does everything he is supposed to do, managing to succeed with minimal effort at whatever he does. It is stated that â€Å"Appleby is a symbol of American Virtue† (Heller 18) Texan is also another comparison character. Texan is up beat, excited, and full of energy. He is proud to be serving his great nation. Heller writes, â€Å" Texan turned out to be good-natured, generous, and likable. In three days no one could stand him. † (Heller 9) This statement clearly explains the behavior of most soldiers in the novel. The importance of these characters is to portray to the reader how soldiers should have acted, and also provide evidence for the rise in levels of idealism and patriotism during this time period. It is easy to tell by the soldiers in Catch 22 that attitudes needed to change. The presidency of John F.

Epic theater, a comaritive analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epic theater, a comaritive analysis - Essay Example As he is introduced, his presence evokes an image of the fallen, a prevalent theme throughout the French Revolution. As the story of the French Revolution is told by historians and enhanced by paintings, illustrations, and live action recreations of the events, The French Revolution: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite -A New Republic is Born in Blood, creates a film experience that breaths life into the historical figures of the French Revolution. While the causes of the French Revolution can be linked across many theoretical and philosophical constructs, the main cause was created from an economic crisis. As in most cases, the people were motivated to act because of a lack of stability which caused a lack of food. Of the many reasons that can motivate people into action, the one that denies them the basic needs of survival will most often inspire the quickest movement toward a radicalization. The film describes the events that surround the impending crisis that is setting up France for a time when flour, a staple of bread making which is a food staple for the French, prices would skyrocket, creating a circumstance where a loaf of bread becomes worth a month’s salary [1]. By using live action recreations and illustrations from the time period, a connection can be made by the audience to the impact of starvation on a people who is not properly represented or supported. Mention is made of Marie Antoinette’s â€Å"most famous line she never said . . . Let them eat cake† [2]. The line was a commentary on the feelings of the French people to their queen, and while the film mentions that she never said such a thing, it is made clear that her excesses are what led this line to be associated with her. The film displays a series of examples of the excesses in which she indulged, including illustrations of overly exaggerated hairstyles that could stand several feet tall. In the midst of a country that was